Solution

The correct answer is B, A, D, C.

Key Points

• Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) involves converting analog signals into digital signals through a series of steps.
• The correct sequence for PCM is as follows:
  • B. Low-Pass Filter: Removes high-frequency components to prevent aliasing.
  • A. Sampling: Captures discrete samples of the analog signal at specific intervals.
  • D. Quantization: Assigns discrete values to sampled data, introducing quantization error.
  • C. Encoding: Converts quantized values into binary format for transmission or storage.
• The order ensures accurate conversion of analog signals into digital format suitable for further processing.

Additional Information

• Sampling:
  • Sampling frequency must be at least twice the highest frequency in the analog signal (Nyquist rate).
  • Sampling captures discrete-time representations of the continuous signal.
• Quantization:
  • Quantization introduces an error termed as quantization noise.
  • Higher resolution reduces quantization error but increases data size.
• Encoding:
  • Binary encoding ensures compatibility with digital systems.
  • Common encoding schemes include Uniform PCM and Non-Uniform PCM.