Solution

The correct answer is A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

Key Points

• A - System Call (II): A system call is a request made by a program to the operating system to perform a specific function. It acts as an interface between a process and the OS.
• B - Preemption (III): Preemption is the act of forcibly taking the CPU away from a process, typically to allow another process to execute, ensuring fair CPU time allocation.
• C - Real-time Application (IV): A real-time application is designed to respond to external events or inputs within a fixed time frame, ensuring timely system behavior.
• D - Remote Procedure Call (I): A remote procedure call allows a process to execute a subroutine in another computer system over a network, appearing seamless to the user.

Additional Information

• System Call:
  • Examples include process management, file management, and inter-process communication.
  • System calls provide a controlled entry point into kernel mode operations.
• Preemption:
  • Occurs in multitasking operating systems to ensure responsiveness.
  • Used in priority-based scheduling algorithms.
• Real-time Applications:
  • Examples include industrial automation, robotics, and medical monitoring systems.
  • They are categorized as hard real-time (strict deadlines) and soft real-time (flexible deadlines).
• Remote Procedure Call:
  • Used in distributed systems to enable communication between processes on different machines.
  • Frameworks like gRPC and Java RMI are examples of RPC implementations.