Solution

The Correct Answer is: Option 1: A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

Detailed Explanation:

A. Overloading:

• Overloading refers to the ability to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters within a class.
• This is resolved during compile-time, meaning the compiler identifies which function to call based on the number and type of arguments passed.
• Thus, overloading supports compile-time polymorphism.
• Correct Match: III

B. Early Binding:

• Early binding refers to the resolution of function calls during compile-time rather than runtime.
• It ensures faster execution as the function to be executed is determined beforehand during compilation.
• This is an efficient method since it avoids runtime overhead.
• Correct Match: II

C. Overriding:

• Overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its parent class.
• This process happens during runtime, as the decision on which method to call depends on the object's type.
• Since function calls are resolved at runtime, the execution is comparatively slower.
• Correct Match: I

D. Late Binding:

• Late binding refers to the resolution of function calls during runtime.
• This supports run-time polymorphism, as the decision of which method to invoke is made based on the type of the object at runtime.
• Although flexible, it is slower than early binding due to the runtime overhead.
• Correct Match: IV