Solution

The correct answer is Option 2: D, B, C, A.

Key Points

• The phases of database design typically follow a specific sequence to ensure that the database system meets user requirements and is well-structured:
  • Requirement Collection and Analysis (D): This is the first phase where the requirements of the database system are gathered and analyzed. This includes understanding what data needs to be stored, how it will be used, and who will use it.
  • Conceptual Design (B): In this phase, a high-level conceptual schema is created, usually using Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams. This schema represents the overall structure of the database without worrying about specific details.
  • Logical Design (C): This phase involves translating the conceptual schema into a logical schema, which describes the structure of the database in a data model of choice (e.g., relational model). This includes defining tables, columns, data types, and relationships.
  • Physical Design (A): The final phase is where the logical schema is translated into a physical schema. This involves specifying the actual storage structures, indexing methods, and file organizations that will be used to store the data on a physical medium.

Additional Information

• Proper database design is critical to ensure data integrity, reduce redundancy, and improve performance.
• The use of appropriate design tools and techniques, such as ER diagrams and normalization, is essential in the design process.
• Iterative refinement and validation of the database design with stakeholders help in addressing any issues early in the development cycle.