Solution

The correct answer is (A) and (B) Only

EXPLANATION:

• DMA (Direct Memory Access):
  • DMA is a feature that allows peripherals to transfer data directly to and from the memory without the intervention of the CPU.
  • Instead of the CPU being involved in each data transfer between peripherals (like storage devices, network interfaces, etc.) and memory, DMA enables the peripherals to communicate directly with the memory.
  • This improves overall system efficiency by offloading data transfer tasks from the CPU.
• IOP (Input-Output Processor):
  • ​An IOP is a processor specifically designed to handle input and output operations. It serves as a dedicated unit for managing communication between peripherals and the rest of the system, including the memory.
  • The IOP takes care of coordinating data transfers, handling interrupts, and managing other aspects of input and output. It helps to offload these tasks from the main CPU, allowing it to focus on more complex computations.

So, both DMA and IOP are interfaces or features that facilitate the direct transfer of data between peripherals and the memory unit without requiring constant involvement of the main CPU. They contribute to improving the efficiency and performance of the overall system by streamlining data transfer operations.