Solution

The correct answer is Syntax analysis

Key Points

• Semantic Analysis:
  • This phase checks whether the parse tree constructed follows the rules of the language.
  • For example, it checks whether the variables used are declared, whether a variable is declared more than once, the compatibility of arguments in the function call and the function declaration, etc.
  • Semantic analysis produces an annotated syntax tree as an output.

Additional Information

•  ​Lexical Analysis:
  • It is a first phase of a compiler, also known as scanning. This phase reads the source code and breaks it into a stream of tokens, which are the basic units of the programming language. The tokens are then passed on to the next phase for further processing.
• Code Optimization:
  • This phase of the compiler aims to improve the intermediate code so that the output program runs faster and takes less space. It attempts to minimize resource usage, such as memory or CPU time, and improve performance. This phase is often optional.
• Code Generation:
  • This is the final phase of compilation. It takes the optimized intermediate code as input and maps it to the target machine language. The code generator translates the intermediate code into the output language, which is typically the machine language of a computer.
• Syntax Analysis or Parsing:
  • This phase checks the program for grammatical errors, using the rules defined by the programming language. It receives a string of tokens from the lexical analyzer and arranges them in a way that shows the hierarchical structure of the program. This phase produces a parse tree as an output. This step is cr ucial in determining whether the code written by the user makes syntactical sense to the compiler.