Solution

The correct answer is A is false but R is true

Key Points

•  Assertion A:
  • I/O protection is ensured by a hardware trap is not true because  I/O protection is ensured by operating system routines.
  • This is usually part of the kernel's responsibility, the core component of most operating systems. Kernel takes care of input/output (I/O) operations to ensure that they are performed safely, efficiently, and in accordance with the permissions of the active processes and users.
  • This way, the operating system helps to prevent unauthorized access to I/O devices and maintains system integrity and security.
• Reason R:
  • I/O interrupt caused by the condition like I/O completion and device malfunction occuring within the I/O devices is true because an I/O interrupt can be triggered by events such as I/O completion and device malfunctions.