Solution

The correct answer is option 2) Q

Key Points

• If only one statement is false, then consider the following:
  • If P's statement is false (meaning Q did not do it), it would suggest that S's statement is true. However, this creates a conflict because if Q did not do it, then Q didn't lie when he said S did it. This conflict means that P's statement cannot be the one that is false.
  • If Q's statement is false (meaning S did not do it), then S's statement that 'Q lied' is indeed true. No conflict arises here. So, this situation is possible.
  • If R's statement is false (R actually did it), that would mean Q's and S's statements are both true - a contradiction. So, this can't be the case.
  • If S's statement is false (meaning Q did not lie), then Q's statement that 'S did it' is true. This is a contradiction, so S's statement cannot be the one that's false.

So the only situation where only one statement is false is if Q's statement is false. Based on that, S is innocent, and Q is the one who lied which also means Q is the guilty person.

Additional Information

• Decision-making process:
  • Identify the decision: You realize that you need to make a decision. Your first step is to clearly define what the decision is and why it needs made.
  • Gather relevant information: Collect some pertinent information before you make your decision: what information is needed, the best sources of information, and how to get it. This step could involve seeking advice and opinions from others, studying, or doing research.
  • Identify alternatives: As you collect information, you will probably identify several possible paths of action, or alternatives. You can also brainstorm for new solutions.
  • Weigh the evidence: This step involves analyzing your alternatives by their potential impact on your established goals or objectives. You can choose the alternative that seems to best meet your needs, or you can employ more sophisticated techniques like a decision matrix or SWOT analysis.
  • Choose among alternatives: Once you have weighed all the evidence, you are ready to select the alternative that seems to be best suited to you.
  • Take action: You now have to implement the alternative you selected.
  • Review decision and consequences: Evaluate whether the decision was the best one you could have made or if there's room for improvement. This is where you learn from your previous decision making and apply it to future ones.

This decision-making process can be applied to a wide range of scenarios, such as personal decisions, managerial decisions, strategic decisions, etc. It's crucial in different aspects of life as it allows individuals to choose the most fitting solution in different scenarios.