Solution

The correct answer is A - II, B - IV, C - I, D - III

Key Points

• A. IPC - Computational speedup:
  • IPC stands for Inter-Process Communication. It's a mechanism that allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions. This communication can ensure efficient use of resources, avoid conflicts and can also lead to computational speedup if communication between processes is done efficiently.
• B. Demand Paging - Virtual Memory:
  • Demand Paging is a strategy for managing computer memory. In this system, only the necessary pages of a program are loaded into physical memory, the rest are kept in virtual memory. This happens on demand, i.e., when the specific page is required.
  • Virtual Memory is a feature of an operating system (OS) that enables a computer to be able to compensate shortages of physical memory by transferring pages of data from random access memory (RAM) to disk storage. This process is invisible to the user. Demand Paging is a strategy used in virtual memory systems.
• C. Banker's Algorithm - Resource Allocation:
  • The Banker's Algorithm is an approach to managing computer resources so that deadlock conditions can be rigorously avoided. It's used in operating systems that manage multiple processes. It helps to determine the safe sequence for allocating resources to the processes.
  • Resource Allocation is the assignment of available resources to various uses. In the context of an operating system, these resources include things like CPU time, memory space, and I/O devices. The Banker's Algorithm is one method of managing resource allocation in a way that avoids deadlocks.
• D. PCB - Task Control Block:
  • PCB stands for Process Control Block. It is a data structure in the operating system kernel containing the information needed to manage a particular process. It contains details like process state, process identification number, program counter, priority, registers, etc.
  • A Task Control Block—as the name implies—is a similar structure, except it's often used in the context of scheduling and managing "tasks" (essentially processes). So, a Process Control Block (PCB) can be considered a kind of Task Control Block.