The correct option is 4) (A) - (IV), (B) - (I), (C) - (II), (D) - (III).
(A) Firmware - (IV) ROM: Firmware is software that is stored in a Read-Only Memory (ROM) chip, which is a non-volatile memory used to store permanent data.
(B) Batch file - (I) Number of logical records into physical blocks: A batch file is a text file containing a series of commands that are executed in sequence. It is used to automate repetitive tasks, such as dividing the number of logical records into physical blocks.
(C) Packing - (II) ASCII format: Packing refers to the process of converting data into a compact format for storage or transmission. ASCII is a format for representing characters as numerical values, which can be used for packing data.
(D) Banker's Algorithm - (III) Resource allocation: The Banker's Algorithm is a resource allocation and deadlock avoidance algorithm used in operating systems. It is used to ensure that the allocation of resources is done in a safe and efficient manner, which is essentially resource allocation.