Solution

The correct option is (2)

Concept:-

Internal fragmentation happens when a process is given more memory than it needs and only a little amount of space is left unused. When memory blocks are present but non-contiguous, external fragmentation occurs, and the impending memory request cannot be filled.

Key Points

• External fragmentation is not a concern with linked and indexed allocation, whereas external fragmentation was a problem with contiguous allocation.
• When it comes to allocating disc space, there are a variety of options. We must choose the optimal file allocation mechanism because it will have a direct impact on system performance and efficiency. The allocation approach allows us to access files as well as use the drive.
• One of the most popular allocation methods is contiguous allocation. Contiguous allocation refers to allocating a block in such a way that all of the blocks on the hard disc receive the same physical block.
• Another technique for file allocation is the indexed allocation approach. We have an additional block in the index allocation procedure, which is known as the index block.
• The disadvantages of the contiguous allocation approach are overcome by the linked list allocation method. Each file is considered as a linked list of disc blocks in this file allocation approach.